CHAPIER 1 INTRoDUCTIoN
1．1 General background
1．2 Aims of the study
1．3 The shape of the study

CHAPIER 2 THE NOTl0N oF COLI。oCATION
2．1 The importance of collocation
2．1．1 The pervasiveness of phraseological tendency
2．1．2 The importance of collocation for L2 1earners
2．1．3 Summary
2．2 The notion of collocation
2．2．1 Collocation previously approached
2．2．2 Collocation defined in this study
2．2．3 Collocations classified in this study
2．2．4 Summary／

CHAPIER 3 CoLLOCATIoN洲D(zhuǎn)IES IN SECOND LEARNER ENGLISH
3．1 Methodologies adopted in L2 collocation studies
3．1．1 Elicitation data—based collocation studies
3．1．2 Spon~neous data—based collocation studies
3．2 Previous findings from L2 collocation research
3．2．1 Forms of collocation deficiency：overuse， underuse and misuse
3．2．2 The role of 1earners’L1
3．2．3 Collocation lag

CHAPIER 4 RESEARCH DESIGN
4．1 Research purpose and questions
4．2 rhe se[ecfion of verb+nounj adiecti re十noun and noun+旬 collocations
4．3 The learner corpus～CLEC
4．4 Collocation dictionaries for reference
4．5 The reference corpus——BNC
4．6 Software for retrieval and analysis
4．7 Procedure
4．7．1 Tagging and reliability check
4．7．2 Investigation of verb+noun collocations
4．7．3 Investigation of adjective+noun and noun+noun collocations
4．8 Summary

CHAPIER 5 CHINESE LEARNERs’PRODUCTl0N oF COLI．0CATIoNS
5．1 Overall analyses（1）：general patterns of VN col produced by L2 learners
5．1．1 Overall tokens of collocations
5．1．2 Overall types of collocations and collocation distribution
5．1．3 Collocation misuses
5．1．4 Synopsis of overall analyses（1）
5．2 Overall analyses（2）：between—group comparisons of dele lexical VN collocations
5．2．1 Between—group comparisons of well—formed De LexVN collocations
5．2．2 Between—group comparisons of erroneous De LexVN collocations
5．2．3 Synopsis of overall analyses（2）
5．3 Overall analyses（3）：verb growth and collocation errors
5．4 Synopsis of the overall analyses of verb+noun collocations

CHAPIER 6 VERB INC剮隊(duì)SE AND THE PRODUCTIoN OF CoLLOCATIONS
6．1 Detailed analyses—verb increase and collocation uses
6．1．1 Analysis of VN collocations within synsets identifi ST2 and ST6 levels
6．1．2 Analysis of VN collocations within synsets identified at the ST2， ST5 and ST6 levels
6．2 Synopsis of detailed analyses of verb increase and collocation uses
6 3 An alternative explanation：new nouns and collocation uses
6．3．1 New nouns in the ST6 VN collocations（new as with the ST2 level）
6．3．2 New nouns in the ST6 VN collocations（new as compared wit level）and new nouns in the ST5 VN collocations（new as comp the ST2 level）

CHAPIER 7 CHINESE LEARNERs’PERFORⅣIANCE O AD_JECTIVE+NOUN AND NOUN+NOUN COLIA~ATIONS
7．1 Analyses of adjective+noun collocations
7．2 Analyses of noun+noun collocations
7．3 Synopsis of the analyses of adjective+noun and collocations

CItAPTER 8 COMPARISON AND II岫RPRETATION OF LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE ON THE THREE TYPES oF CoLLOCATIoNS
8．1 Collocation errors in the three types of collocations
8．2 Vocabulary growth and collocation errors
8．3 Synsets and collocation produ
8．4 Synopsis of the findings in this chapter

CHAPIER 9 THE RoLE 0lF L1 IN CoLI脫ATIoN LEARNING
9．1 The notion of congruence
9．2 Within——group comparison of well··formed and erroneous and non—congruent VN collocations
9．3 Between．．group comparison of well．-formed and erroneous and non—congruent VN collocations
9．4 Within—group comparison of positive and negative L1 influ VN and AN collocations
9．5 Synopsis of findings in this chapter

CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSl0NS
10．1 Summary
10．2 Implications
10．2．1 Theoretical implications
10．2．2 Pedagogical implications
10．3 Limitations and ways forward

APPENDlCES
REFERENCES
INDEX