Such assumptions stem from potentially devastating ignorance and can lead to much frustration for members of both cultures Entering a culture with this type of ethnocentrism， the assumption your own culture is correct， is another byproduct of ignorance and cultural misunderstanding. Main types of misunderstanding are Language Even when two people think they can speak each others language， the chance of error is high Usages and contextual inferences may be completely different between cultures. So even though one speaker may have learned the vocabulary of the others language， selecting the most appropriate words， with the correct intonation， spoken with appropriate eye contact while standing a proper distance from the other are all critical even before one considers the propriety of the topic to be discussed. Rights， values， and needs Some cultural characteristics will be easy to identify， e.g. whether people are conscious of status or make displays of material wealth. But many rights are assumed， values are implied， an d needs are unspoken， （e.g. for safety， security， love， a sense of belonging to a group， self-esteem， and the ability to attain ones goals）. For example， issues of personal security， dignity， and control will be very different as between an a bled and a disabled person. Similarly， there may be problems of respect when a person from a rigidly class-based culture meets a meritocrat2， or where there is racism， sexism or religious intolerance in play. In such situations， identity is fundamental when disputing the proper role or "place" of the other， about who is in control of their lives， and how they present themselves to the outside world. But the reality is more deeply rooted in power relationships： about who is on top of the social， economic， and/or political hierarchy. Family members or long term rivals may be obsessed with their mutual competition. The relationships between racial or ethnic groups may be affected by economic jealousy. Nations may assert that their political systems are superior. Such conflicts are difficult to resolve because no-one wants to be the loser， and few are willing to share the winnings. Stereotyping3 can aggravate these problems and prevent people from real ising that there is another way to interpret a situation， or that other groups may define their rights in a different way. Hence， what may appear just or fair to one group can often seem unjust to an opposing group. Assumptions People may misinterpret each others motives. For example， one group may assume that they are simply exchanging information about what they believe， but the other believes that they are negotiating a change in behavior. This is most likely to arise when the parties are not completely honest with each other from the outset.