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信息技術(shù) 讀者對象:本書可作為高等職業(yè)院校的信息技術(shù)課程教材,也可作為社會人員學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)的入門自學(xué)教材。
本書內(nèi)容涵蓋了計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的多個重要方面,包括計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)理論、windows操作系統(tǒng)、wps辦公軟件等實(shí)用技能。此外,本書還深入介紹了云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新一代信息技術(shù)的核心概念和應(yīng)用場景,使讀者能夠緊跟科技發(fā)展的步伐。同時,本書還特別關(guān)注了國產(chǎn)化操作系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,為讀者提供了相關(guān)的簡介和展望。通過閱讀本書,讀者將能夠全面提升自身的信息技術(shù)素養(yǎng),為未來的職業(yè)發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
夏文新,男,系統(tǒng)理論專業(yè)碩士,洛陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院高級實(shí)驗(yàn)師,河南省高等學(xué)校計(jì)算機(jī)教育研究會理事。多次參與河南省教育廳教育教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目及河南省高等學(xué)校重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目并獲獎。主要著作方向?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)及其應(yīng)用,已出版《大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)》兩本。
模塊 1 信息技術(shù)概述························································································.1
知識目標(biāo) ···································································································.1 能力目標(biāo) ···································································································.1 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ···································································································.1 1.1 認(rèn)識信息技術(shù) ······················································································.1 1.1.1 信息技術(shù)的概念··········································································.1 1.1.2 信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程····································································.1 1.1.3 信息技術(shù)的意義··········································································.2 1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)知識 ················································································.3 1.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)的定義·············································································.3 1.2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展·············································································.3 1.2.3 計(jì)算機(jī)的特點(diǎn)·············································································.6 1.2.4 計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域·······································································.6 1.2.5 計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢·······································································.8 1.2.6 計(jì)算機(jī)的類型·············································································.8 1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成 ··············································································.10 1.3.1 計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)········································································.11 1.3.2 計(jì)算機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng)········································································.14 1.4 計(jì)算機(jī)的信息存儲和計(jì)數(shù)制 ··································································.15 1.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)的存儲單位········································································.15 1.4.2 計(jì)算機(jī)的計(jì)數(shù)制········································································.16 1.4.3 進(jìn)位計(jì)數(shù)制之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換·························································.18 1.5 計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)部信息編碼 ········································································.21 課后練習(xí) ·································································································.22 模塊 2 Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng) ···········································································.24 知識目標(biāo) ·································································································.24 能力目標(biāo) ·································································································.24 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ·································································································.24 2.1 操作系統(tǒng)概述 ····················································································.24 2.1.1 操作系統(tǒng)的概念········································································.24 2.1.2 操作系統(tǒng)的功能········································································.25 2.1.3 操作系統(tǒng)的分類········································································.25 2.1.4 PC 常用的操作系統(tǒng) ···································································.27 2.2 Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng)中的基本操作 ························································.27 2.2.1 啟動和退出··············································································.27 2.2.2 桌面·······················································································.28 2.2.3 “開始”菜單···········································································.31 2.2.4 任務(wù)欄····················································································.32 2.2.5 窗口及對話框···········································································.33 2.3 資源管理器 ·······················································································.35 2.3.1 資源管理器的使用·····································································.35 2.3.2 文件及文件夾的管理··································································.37 2.3.3 磁盤管理·················································································.39 2.4 操作系統(tǒng)的個性化設(shè)置 ········································································.41 2.4.1 背景設(shè)置·················································································.42 2.4.2 顏色設(shè)置·················································································.42 2.4.3 鎖屏界面設(shè)置···········································································.42 2.4.4 主題設(shè)置·················································································.43 2.4.5 開始設(shè)置·················································································.44 2.4.6 任務(wù)欄設(shè)置··············································································.45 2.5 附件工具的使用 ·················································································.46 2.5.1 記事本····················································································.47 2.5.2 畫圖·······················································································.47 2.5.3 截圖工具·················································································.48 課后練習(xí) ·································································································.48 模塊 3 WPS 文字···························································································.50 知識目標(biāo) ·································································································.50 能力目標(biāo) ·································································································.50 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ·································································································.50 3.1 制作大美洛陽簡介 ··············································································.50 3.1.1 WPS 2022 的啟動和退出·····························································.51 3.1.2 WPS 2022 文檔操作頁面·····························································.52 3.1.3 新建、保存和打開文檔·······························································.54 3.1.4 文本的錄入與編輯·····································································.56 3.1.5 字符格式化··············································································.61 3.1.6 段落格式化··············································································.63 3.2 制作大美洛陽宣傳冊 ···········································································.69 3.2.1 繪制圖形·················································································.70 3.2.2 插入圖片·················································································.74 3.2.3 插入藝術(shù)字··············································································.76 3.2.4 插入文本框··············································································.77 3.3 制作龍門石窟宣傳頁 ···········································································.84 3.3.1 邊框和底紋的設(shè)置·····································································.85 3.3.2 項(xiàng)目符號和編號········································································.86 3.3.3 分欄及首字下沉········································································.90 3.3.4 主題、背景和水印·····································································.91 3.3.5 頁面設(shè)置·················································································.93 3.3.6 打印預(yù)覽及打印········································································.95 3.4 制作個人簡歷 ···················································································.100 3.4.1 插入表格················································································.101 3.4.2 編輯表格················································································.103 3.4.3 設(shè)置表格的邊框和底紋·······························································105 3.4.4 表格的自動套用格式··································································106 3.5 畢業(yè)論文排版 ···················································································.111 3.5.1 頁眉、頁腳和頁碼的設(shè)置···························································.112 3.5.2 分頁與分節(jié)的設(shè)置····································································.115 3.5.3 設(shè)置大綱級別··········································································.117 3.5.4 編制目錄和索引·······································································.118 3.5.5 文檔的修訂與批注·····································································120 課后練習(xí) ································································································.123 實(shí)訓(xùn)練習(xí) ································································································.124 模塊 4 WPS 表格··························································································.126 知識目標(biāo) ································································································.126 能力目標(biāo) ································································································.126 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ································································································.126 4.1 制作學(xué)生信息表 ················································································.126 4.1.1 表格的功能和工作界面·······························································127 4.1.2 管理工作簿和工作表··································································128 4.1.3 行和列的基本操作·····································································132 4.1.4 數(shù)據(jù)填充················································································.135 4.2 修飾學(xué)生信息表 ················································································.139 4.2.1 格式化工作表··········································································.140 4.2.2 設(shè)置有效性數(shù)據(jù)·······································································.144 4.2.3 設(shè)置條件格式··········································································.147 4.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)生成績表 ················································································.153 4.3.1 引用單元格·············································································.154 4.3.2 在公式中使用函數(shù)·····································································156 4.4 分析商品銷售表 ················································································.166 4.4.1 數(shù)據(jù)排序················································································.167 4.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)篩選················································································.169 4.4.3 分類匯總················································································.171 4.4.4 數(shù)據(jù)透視表·············································································.172 4.5 制作商品銷售圖表 ·············································································.181 4.5.1 創(chuàng)建圖表················································································.182 4.5.2 修改圖表················································································.184 4.6 打印商品銷售表 ················································································.190 4.6.1 頁面設(shè)置················································································.190 4.6.2 工作表的打印··········································································.194 課后練習(xí) ································································································.199 實(shí)訓(xùn)練習(xí) ································································································.200 模塊 5 WPS 演示文稿····················································································.203 知識目標(biāo) ································································································.203 能力目標(biāo) ································································································.203 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ································································································.203 5.1 制作公司簡介演示文稿 ·······································································.203 5.1.1 演示文稿的基本操作··································································204 5.1.2 幻燈片的基本操作·····································································205 5.1.3 編輯幻燈片·············································································.207 5.1.4 套用模板制作幻燈片··································································208 5.1.5 設(shè)置幻燈片母版·······································································.212 5.2 制作洛陽牡丹演示文稿 ·······································································.218 5.2.1 插入圖片················································································.219 5.2.2 插入藝術(shù)字·············································································.220 5.2.3 插入形狀和文本框·····································································220 5.2.4 插入表格················································································.220 5.2.5 插入智能圖形··········································································.221 5.2.6 添加音頻················································································.222 5.2.7 插入超鏈接·············································································.224 5.3 豐富洛陽牡丹演示文稿效果 ··································································235 5.3.1 設(shè)置幻燈片切換效果··································································235 5.3.2 設(shè)置幻燈片中頁面元素的動畫效果 ···············································237 5.3.3 幻燈片的放映設(shè)置·····································································238 5.3.4 輸出演示文稿··········································································.239 課后練習(xí) ································································································.246 實(shí)訓(xùn)練習(xí) ································································································.247 模塊 6 網(wǎng)絡(luò)與信息安全··················································································.249 知識目標(biāo) ································································································.249 能力目標(biāo) ································································································.249 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ································································································.249 6.1 認(rèn)識計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ················································································.249 6.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念·····································································249 6.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能·····································································250 6.1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類·····································································250 6.2 Internet 相關(guān)知識 ···············································································.251 6.2.1 Internet 的相關(guān)概念····································································251 6.2.2 TCP/IP···················································································.252 6.2.3 IP 地址和域名 ·········································································.254 6.3 網(wǎng)上沖浪 ·························································································.255 6.3.1 瀏覽器的使用··········································································.255 6.3.2 信息檢索················································································.259 6.3.3 搜索引擎的使用·······································································.260 6.3.4 電子郵箱的注冊及使用·······························································260 6.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全基礎(chǔ) ···················································································.265 6.4.1 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒與防范·····································································265 6.4.2 防火墻···················································································.266 課后練習(xí) ································································································.268 模塊 7 IT 新技術(shù) ··························································································.269 知識目標(biāo) ································································································.269 能力目標(biāo) ································································································.269 素質(zhì)目標(biāo) ································································································.269 7.1 人工智能 ·························································································.269 7.1.1 人工智能的定義·······································································.269 7.1.2 人工智能的發(fā)展歷程··································································270 7.1.3 人工智能的應(yīng)用·······································································.270 7.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)·····························································································.272 7.2.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義··········································································.272 7.2.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)·····································································272 7.2.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用··········································································.273 7.3 大數(shù)據(jù)·····························································································.274 7.3.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的定義··········································································.275 7.3.2 大數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)展歷程·····································································275 7.3.3 大數(shù)據(jù)的意義··········································································.275 7.4 云計(jì)算·····························································································.276 7.4.1 云計(jì)算的定義··········································································.276 7.4.2 云計(jì)算的發(fā)展歷程·····································································277 7.4.3 云計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)··········································································.277 7.4.4 云計(jì)算的應(yīng)用··········································································.278 7.5 區(qū)塊鏈·····························································································.279 7.5.1 區(qū)塊鏈概述·············································································.279 7.5.2 區(qū)塊鏈的分類及特點(diǎn)··································································280 7.5.3 區(qū)塊鏈的核心技術(shù)·····································································281 7.5.4 區(qū)塊鏈的應(yīng)用··········································································.282 7.6 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) ·························································································.283 7.6.1 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)··········································································.283 7.6.2 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用··································································284 7.7 信創(chuàng)································································································.285 7.7.1 信創(chuàng)概述················································································.285 7.7.2 信創(chuàng)的發(fā)展歷程·······································································.286 課后練習(xí) ································································································.287
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