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《拯救我的出國(guó)考試詞匯:拯救我的TOEFL詞匯》:
Part I 閱 讀 詞 匯
Unit 1 自然科學(xué)
abundant [4'b8nd4nt] a. 大量的,充足的,豐富的
【例】The early explorers and settlers said there were once abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet bemoaned the lack of game animal at that time. 早期的探險(xiǎn)者和移民表示,19世紀(jì)早期這里曾有大量的鹿,但令他們感到惋惜的是當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有狩獵動(dòng)物?
【派】abundantly(ad. 大量地,豐富地)
【同】plentiful
absorption [4b's3:p54n] n. 吸收
【同】assimilation; reception
accumulation [4kju:mju'lei54n] n. 積累,堆積物
【同】amassing; cumulation
altitude ['1ltitju:d] n. 海拔,高度;[常pl.] 高處
【搭】pressure altitude 壓力高度
【同】height(n. 高度)
aquifer ['1kwif4] n. 含水土層;蓄水層
【例】Water does not keep steady in an aquifer but can leak out at springs or leak into other aquifers. 水不會(huì)一直穩(wěn)定地存在于含水層里,而是會(huì)滲漏到泉水中,或流入其他的含水層里?
【搭】confined aquifer 承壓含水層
asteroid ['1st4r3id] n. 小行星
【同】planetoid(a. 小行星)
biome [bai4um] n. 生物群系
【搭】aquatic biome 水生生物群
blooming ['blu:mi6] a. 盛開(kāi)的
【派】blossom[v. (使)開(kāi)花]
branch [br2:nt5] n. 樹(shù)枝;分部;分支
【同】sticks
browse [brauz] v. 吃嫩葉或草;瀏覽 n. 瀏覽;吃草
【例】Biologists believe that it is necessary to find another open areas with browse immediately. 生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為必須盡快找到另一塊開(kāi)放的牧草地?
【同】scan
carnivore ['k2:niv3:] n. 食肉動(dòng)物
【用】其他種類的生物:herbivore 食草動(dòng)物;scavenger 食腐動(dòng)物;omnivore 雜食動(dòng)物?
chondrule ['k3ndru:l] n. 隕石球粒
【用】在托福閱讀有關(guān)地質(zhì)學(xué)的文章中,chondrule這個(gè)詞的出現(xiàn)頻率比較高?
climax ['klaim1ks] n. 高潮,最令人興奮的部分
【派】climactic(a. 高潮的)
compact [k4m'p1kt] a. 緊湊的;簡(jiǎn)潔的vt. 壓縮
n. 契約
【搭】a compact car 小型車;compact disk 壓縮唱片(CD);the compact industrial city 工業(yè)密集型城市
【派】compaction(n. 壓緊;凝結(jié))
【同】concise; compress
compress [k4m'pres] v. 壓縮;縮短
【派】compression(n. 壓縮)
【同】condense; shorten
configuration [k4nWfigju'rei54n] n. 布局,結(jié)構(gòu);配置
【例】An accurate configuration of a heat island relies on many factors. 一個(gè)精確的城市熱島結(jié)構(gòu)依賴許多因素?
【同】allocation
conserve [k4n's4:v] vt. 保存,保藏;保護(hù)
【例】Even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems, hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat. 即使有保溫和逆流交換系統(tǒng),雛鳥(niǎo)也因?yàn)轶w型太小而無(wú)法保持體溫?
【同】retain; preserve
cortex ['k3:teks] n.(植物的)皮層,皮質(zhì);樹(shù)皮
【搭】cerebral cortex 大腦皮層
【同】skinniness
crater ['kreit4] n. 火山口;隕石坑,彈坑
【例】The asteroid with this size would leave an huge crater, even though the asteroid itself was also disintegrated by the impact. 這般大小的行星會(huì)制造一個(gè)巨大的隕石坑,盡管其本身也在撞擊中碎裂?
cretaceous [kri'tei54s] a. 白堊紀(jì)的;似白堊的 n. 白堊紀(jì)
【例】Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, a thin layer of clay often exists here. 在白堊紀(jì)巖層的最后一層和新生代巖層的最新一層之間,通常存在一個(gè)薄薄的黏土層?
crust [kr8st] n. 地殼;外殼;(一片)面包片
【搭】lower crust 下部地殼
crustal ['kr8st4l] a. 地殼的;外殼的
【例】As a result of crustal adjustments, a single sea area with spectacular cascades of water between the straits were formed. 地殼的調(diào)整形成了一片獨(dú)立的海域,這片海域的海峽之間有壯觀的瀑布?
crystalline ['krist4lain] a. 水晶的,透明的
【搭】crystalline salt 結(jié)晶鹽
【用】在托福閱讀中,crystalline經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在地質(zhì)學(xué)相關(guān)文章中,比如:crystalline salt;basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous?
deciduous [di'sidju4s] a. 落葉的;非永久的,短暫的
【搭】deciduous trees 落葉樹(shù)
decomposition [Wdi:k3mp4'zi54n] n. 分解;腐爛
【例】The decomposition of ferns produce minerals that is used by lichens. 蕨類植物的分解作用會(huì)產(chǎn)生礦物,這些礦物將為地衣所用?
【同】dissolution
deforest [Wdi:'f3rist] vt. 采伐森林,清除樹(shù)林
【派】deforestation(n. 森林砍伐)
dense [dens] a. 密集的,濃密的
【例】The terrestrial planets are mostly rocks, often contains dense rocky and metallic material. 類地行星主要由巖石構(gòu)成,通常含有高密度的巖石和金屬物質(zhì)?
deposit [di'p3zit] v. 使沉淀;堆積;儲(chǔ)蓄;寄存
n. 沉積物;存款,押金
【同】settle; accumulate; accumulation
【用】deposit在托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高,作動(dòng)詞多用作“使沉淀”的詞義;作名詞則多用作“沉積物,堆積物”的詞義?
desertification [Wdez4tifi'kei5(4)n] n. 沙漠化
【用】沙漠化是人們十分關(guān)注的話題,它是指由于自然因素和人類活動(dòng)的影響而引起的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞,使非沙漠地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了類似沙漠環(huán)境的變化過(guò)程?
dinosaur ['dain4s3:] n. 恐龍
【用】談及恐龍時(shí)通常會(huì)談到它的滅絕,因此一定要掌握與之搭配的短語(yǔ):the extinction of the dinosaurs?
dissolution [Wdis4'lju:5(4)n] n. 瓦解,溶解
【例】If the empty shell of snails or clams are durable enough and resistant to dissolution, they may keep the original shape for a long period. 如果蝸牛和蛤蜊的空殼足夠堅(jiān)實(shí),而且不會(huì)被溶解,那么它們?cè)诤荛L(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)都能保持其原本的形狀?
【同】decomposition
dissolve [di'z3lv] v.(使)溶解;清除;解散
【同】melt; liquefy; eliminate
diversification [daiWv4:sifi'kei5(4)n] n. 變化,多樣化
【例】The Cambrian explosion led to a rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many animals. 寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致了迅速進(jìn)化的多樣化進(jìn)程,隨后許多動(dòng)物滅絕了?
【用】diversification多出現(xiàn)在討論生物多樣性的文章中,其含義就是:the mergence of many varieties?
diversity [dai'v4:s4ti] n. 多樣性,千變?nèi)f化
【搭】biological diversity 生物差異;species diversity 物種多樣性
【同】multiplicity
domesticate [d4'mestikeit] vt. 馴養(yǎng),馴化 n. 馴養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物;移植的植物
【同】cultivate
【用】domesticate不僅可以指動(dòng)物,還可以表示“移植的植物”,例如:The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate.這個(gè)句子中的domesticate是名詞用法?
dormant ['d3:m4nt] a. 靜止的;休眠的;隱匿的
【搭】a dormant volcano 休眠火山
【用】托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)過(guò)dormant作為“休眠的”意思,與之相近的詞語(yǔ)還有inactive“不活躍的”?
drift [drift] v. (使)漂流 n. 漂流;漂泊;傾向
【搭】continental drift 大陸漂移
【用】我們平時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到drift作動(dòng)詞的用法,但在托福閱讀中出現(xiàn)了drift作名詞的用法“漂流物,吹積物”?
droplet ['dr3plit] n. 小滴
【搭】droplet transmission飛沫傳播
elevation [Weli'vei54n] n. 提高;高度,海拔
【同】altitude
emerge [i'm4:d9] vi. 顯露,暴露;(從水中)出來(lái)
【例】The cinema didn’t emerge as a form of mass consumption at first until the technology enabled to project images on a screen in a darkened theater.
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