Contents
第三版前言
第二版前言
第一版前言
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 General Rules for the Organic Chemistry Lab 1
1.2 General Lab Safety 2
1.3 Disposal of Lab Waste 3
1.4 Common Lab Equipment and Apparatus 4
1.5 Drying and Drying Agent 12
1.6 Heating and Cooling 14
1.7 Experimental Record and Laboratory Report 15
1.8 Chemical Literature 16
Chapter 2 Basic Experimental Techniques 18
2.1 Melting Point Determination 18
2.2 Recrystallization 22
2.3 Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation 27
2.4 Steam Distillation 31
2.5 Vacuum Distillation 33
2.6 Solvent Extraction and Solution Washing 38
2.7 Sublimation 43
2.8 Refractive Index Determination of Liquid Organic Compound 45
2.9 Optical Rotation Determination 47
2.10 Chromatographic Techniques 49
2.11 Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compound 63
Chapter 3 Experiments 73
3.1 Preparation of Cyclohexene 73
3.2 Preparation of 1-Bromobutane 75
3.3 Preparation of Triphenylmethanol 78
3.4 Preparation of Dibutyl Ether 82
3.5 Preparation of Benzoic Acid and Phenylmethanol 84
3.6 Preparation of Cyclohexanone 87
3.7 Preparation of Hexanedioic Acid 90
3.8 Preparation and Characterization of Cinnamic Acid 92
3.9 Preparation of Acetylsalicylic Acid 94
3.10 Preparation of n-Butyl Acetate 97
3.11 Preparation of n-Dibutyl Phthalate 99
3.12 Preparation of Acetanilide 101
3.13 Preparation of 4-Nitroaniline 104
3.14 Isolation of Caffeine From Tea Leaves 107
3.15 Preparation of 2-Furanmethanol and 2-Furancarboxylic Acid 110
3.16 Preparation of 8-Quinolinol 113
3.17 Preparation of Acetylferrocene 115
3.18 Biological Synthesis of Ethanol 117
Chapter 4 All-around Experiments 120
4.1 Synthesis and Characterization of Ethyl Acetate and Ethyl Acetoacetate 120
4.2 Synthesis of Sulfanilic Acid and Methyl Orange 124
4.3 Extraction and Separation Spinach Leaf Pigments 129
4.4 Extraction, Separation and Identification Capsanthin and β-Carotene 131
4.5 Coenzyme Preparation and Characterization of Benzoin 135
4.6 Preparation and Characterization of Benzilic Acid 137
4.7 Microwave-Assisted Preparation and Characterization of 2-Substitutedphenyl Benzoxazole 139
Chapter 5 Experiments from Literature 141
5.1 A Microscale Synthesis of the Diastereomers of 2, 3-Dibromosuccinic Acid 141
5.2 A Grignard-like Organic Reaction in Water 143
5.3 An Efficient Microscale Procedure for the Synthesis of Aspirin 143
5.4 A Solvent-Free Claisen Condensation Reaction 144
5.5 The Preparation of a Fluorescent Dye: A Microscale TLC Experiment 144
5.6 Microwave Microscale Experiment: 2-Naphthyl Acetate from 2-Naphthol 145
Chapter 6 Appendix 147
6.1 List of the Element with Their Symbols and Atomic Masses 147
6.2 Main Families of Organic Compounds 150
目錄
第 1 章 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的一般知識(shí) 152
1.1 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本規(guī)則 152
1.2 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的一般安全知識(shí) 152
1.3 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)廢物的處置 153
1.4 常用的玻璃儀器和實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置 154
1.5 干燥與干燥劑 156
1.6 加熱與冷卻 156
1.7 實(shí)驗(yàn)記錄和實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告 157
1.8 有機(jī)化學(xué)的文獻(xiàn)資料 157
第 2 章 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本操作 160
2.1 熔點(diǎn)的測(cè)定 160
2.2 重結(jié)晶 162
2.3 蒸餾與分餾 163
2.4 水蒸氣蒸餾 165
2.5 減壓蒸餾 167
2.6 萃取與洗滌 168
2.7 升華 171
2.8 液體有機(jī)化合物折光率的測(cè)定 172
2.9 旋光度的測(cè)定 173
2.10 色譜技術(shù) 174
2.11 有機(jī)化合物的光譜鑒定 180
第 3 章 有機(jī)化合物的制備 187
3.1 環(huán)己烯的制備 187
3.2 1-溴丁烷的制備 188
3.3 三苯甲醇的制備 190
3.4 正丁醚的制備 193
3.5 苯甲酸和苯甲醇的制備 194
3.6 環(huán)己酮的制備 196
3.7 己二酸的制備 198
3.8 肉桂酸的制備及結(jié)構(gòu)表征 199
3.9 乙酰水楊酸(阿司匹林)的制備 200
3.10 乙酸正丁酯的制備 202
3.11 鄰苯二甲酸二正丁酯的制備 203
3.12 乙酰苯胺的制備 204
3.13 4-硝基苯胺的制備 206
3.14 從茶葉中提取咖啡因 208
3.15 呋喃甲醇和呋喃甲酸的制備 210
3.16 8-羥基喹啉的制備 212
3.17 乙酰二茂鐵的制備 213
3.18 生物法合成乙醇 214
第 4 章 綜合性實(shí)驗(yàn) 217
4.1 乙酸乙酯和乙酰乙酸乙酯的制備和結(jié)構(gòu)表征 217
4.2 對(duì)氨基苯磺酸和甲基橙的制備 219
4.3 從菠菜葉中提取和分離葉色素 223
4.4 從紅辣椒中提取、分離和鑒定辣椒紅素和 β-胡蘿卜素 224
4.5 輔酶催化安息香的制備及結(jié)構(gòu)表征 227
4.6 二苯基乙醇酸的制備及結(jié)構(gòu)表征 229
4.7 2-取代苯基苯并 唑的微波法合成 230
第 5 章 文獻(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn) 232
5.1 非對(duì)映體的 2, 3-二溴琥珀酸的微量合成 232
5.2 在水相中進(jìn)行的類似 Grignard 反應(yīng) 233
5.3 微量法合成阿司匹林 233
5.4 無(wú)溶劑的 Claisen 縮合反應(yīng) 234
5.5 一種熒光染料的制備：微量 TLC 實(shí)驗(yàn) 234
5.6 微波法微量實(shí)驗(yàn)：2-萘酚制備乙酸-2-萘酯 235
第 6 章 附錄 236
6.1 與化學(xué)有關(guān)的網(wǎng)址 236
6.2 有機(jī)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)操作考試復(fù)習(xí)題 237