詹姆斯·克拉克·麥克斯韋(James Clerk Maxwell,1831-1879),英國物理學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,經(jīng)典電動(dòng)力學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人,統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)的奠基人之一。《電磁學(xué)通論》共4篇,分為兩卷,第一卷內(nèi)容包括:緒論、靜電學(xué)和動(dòng)電學(xué);第二卷內(nèi)容包括:磁學(xué)和電磁學(xué)。
詹姆斯.克拉克·麥克斯韋(James Clerk Maxwell,1831-1879),英國物理學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,主要從事電磁理論、分子物理學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)、光學(xué)、力學(xué)、彈性理論等方面的研究。尤其是他建立的電磁場(chǎng)理論,將電學(xué)、磁學(xué)、光學(xué)統(tǒng)一起來,成為19世紀(jì)物理學(xué)發(fā)展的最光輝成果,是科學(xué)史上最偉大的綜合之一。
麥克斯韋預(yù)言了電磁波的存在,他的理論預(yù)見后來得到了充分的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。造福人類的無線電技術(shù),就是以電磁場(chǎng)理論為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來的。麥克斯韋大約于1855年開始研究電磁學(xué),在前人成就的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)整個(gè)電磁現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)、全面的研究,憑借他高深的數(shù)學(xué)造詣和豐富的想象力接連發(fā)表了電磁場(chǎng)理論的三篇重要論文:《論法拉第的力線》《論物理的力線》《電磁場(chǎng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)理論》,對(duì)前人和他自己的工作進(jìn)行了綜合概括,將電磁場(chǎng)理論用簡(jiǎn)潔、對(duì)稱、完美的數(shù)學(xué)形式表示出來,經(jīng)后人整理和改寫,成為經(jīng)典電動(dòng)力學(xué)主要基礎(chǔ)的麥克斯韋方程組。1865年他在預(yù)言電磁波存在的同時(shí),提出電磁波只可能是橫波,推導(dǎo)出電磁波的傳播速度等于光速;并得出結(jié)論,光是電磁波的一種形式,揭示了光現(xiàn)象和電磁現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系。麥克斯韋在熱力學(xué)與統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)方面也作出了重要貢獻(xiàn),他是氣體動(dòng)理【學(xué)理】論的創(chuàng)始人之一。
麥克斯韋被普遍認(rèn)為是對(duì)物理學(xué)的發(fā)展最有影響的物理學(xué)家之一。沒有電磁學(xué)就沒有現(xiàn)代電工學(xué),也就不可能有現(xiàn)代文明。
詹姆斯·克拉克·麥克斯韋(James Clerk Maxwell,1831-1879),英國物理學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,經(jīng)典電動(dòng)力學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人,統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)的奠基人之一。
麥克斯韋在1873年出版的科學(xué)名著《電磁學(xué)通論》,系統(tǒng)、全面、完美地闡述了電磁場(chǎng)理論,被尊為繼牛頓《自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理》之后的一部*重要的物理學(xué)經(jīng)典!峨姶艑W(xué)通論》共4篇,分為兩卷。第1卷內(nèi)容包括:緒論、靜電學(xué)和動(dòng)電學(xué);第二卷內(nèi)容包括;磁學(xué)和電磁學(xué)。
麥克斯韋被普遍認(rèn)為是對(duì)物理學(xué)的發(fā)展*有影響的物理學(xué)家之一。沒有電磁學(xué)就沒有現(xiàn)代電工學(xué),也就不可能有現(xiàn)代文明。
PART III.MAGNETISM
CHAPTER I.ELEMENTARY THEORY OF MAGNETISM
371.Properties of a magnet when acted on by the earth
372.Definition of the axis of the magnet and of the direction of magnetic force
373.Action of magnets on one another.Law of magnetic force
374.Definition of magnetic units and their dimensions
375.Nature of the evidence for the law of magnetic force
376.Magnetism as a mathematical quantity
377.The quantities of the opposite kinds of magnetism in a magnet are always
379.A magnet is built up of particles each of which is a magnet
381.Magnetization is of the nature of a vector
382.Meaning of the term 'Magnetic Polarization'
383.Properties of a magnetic particle
384.Definitions of Magnetic Moment, Intensity of Magnetization, and
385.Potential of a magnetized element of volume
386.Potential of a magnet of finite size.Two expressions for this potential, corresponding respectively to the theory of polarization, and to that of magnetic
387.Investigation of the action of one magnetic particle on another
389.Potential energy of a magnet in any field of force
390.On the magnetic moment and axis of a magnet
391.Expansion of the potential of a magnet in spherical harmonics
392.The centre of a magnet and the primary and secondary axes through
393.The north end of a magnet in this treatise is that which points north, and thesouth end that which points south.Boreal magnetism is that which is supposed to exist near the north pole of the earth and the south end of a magnet.Austral magnetism is that which belongs to the south pole of the earth and the north endof a magnet.Austral magnetism is considered positive
394.The direction of magnetic force is that in which austral magnetism tends to move, that is, from south to north, and this is the positive direction of magnetic linesof force.A magnet is said to be magnetized from its south end towards its north
CHAPTER II.MAGNETIC FORCE AND MAGNETIC INDUCTION
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PART IV ELECTROMAGNETISM