第1章 電子實(shí)訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)工具的使用 ··········································································· 2 1.1 尖嘴鉗 ····················································································································· 2 1.2 斜口鉗 ··················································································································· 3 1.3 鑷子 ······················································································································ 4 1.4 熱熔膠槍 ··················································································································4 1.5 面包板 ···················································································································· 6 第2 章 電路焊接技術(shù) ······························································································· 9 2.1 錫焊的基本知識(shí) ········································································································· 9 2.1.1 錫焊 ····················································································································· 9 2.1.2 錫焊的機(jī)理 ········································································································· 9 2.1.3 錫焊的條件 ······································································································· 10 2.2 錫焊工具與焊接材料 ··································································································11 2.2.1 電烙鐵 ··············································································································· 11 2.2.2 焊料 ··················································································································· 13 2.2.3 助焊劑 ··············································································································· 14 2.2.4 阻焊劑 ··············································································································· 15 2.3 手工焊接技術(shù) ···········································································································15 2.3.1 焊接操作的手法與步驟 ···················································································· 16 2.3.2 合格焊點(diǎn)及質(zhì)量檢查 ························································································ 19 電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)訓(xùn) 2.3.3 拆焊 ··················································································································· 20 2.4 實(shí)用焊接工藝 ········································································································· 21 2.4.1 焊接前的準(zhǔn)備 ··································································································· 22 2.4.2 元器件的安裝與焊接 ························································································ 23 2.5 焊接訓(xùn)練 ················································································································24 2.5.1 實(shí)訓(xùn)目的 ··········································································································· 24 2.5.2 實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容 ··········································································································· 25 2.5.3 實(shí)訓(xùn)器材 ··········································································································· 26 2.6 思考題 ·················································································································· 26 第3 章 常用電子技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量?jī)x器 ····································································· 27 3.1 萬用表 ····················································································································27 3.1.1 模擬式萬用表 ··································································································· 27 3.1.2 數(shù)字式萬用表 ··································································································· 29 3.2 常用示波器及其使用 ··································································································32 3.2.1 示波器的組成 ··································································································· 32 3.2.2 示波器的使用 ··································································································· 34 3.2.3 DS-1072U 型示波器簡(jiǎn)介 ·················································································· 36 3.3 DPS6333L 雙路直流電源 ··························································································· 40 3.3.1 概述 ··················································································································· 40 3.3.2 DPS6333L 雙路直流電源功能 ········································································· 40 3.3.3 DPS6333L 雙路直流電源面板各部分的作用與使用方法 ······························· 41 3.4 函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器 ······································································································· 43 3.4.1 DG1022U 函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器簡(jiǎn)介 ······································································· 43 3.4.2 DG1022U 函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器面板操作按鈕 ······················································· 43 3.5 YB3371 計(jì)數(shù)器 ········································································································46 3.6 電子測(cè)量?jī)x器的選擇 ··································································································47 3.7 常用電子儀器、儀表的使用 ·························································································47 3.7.1 實(shí)訓(xùn)目的 ··········································································································· 47 3.7.2 實(shí)訓(xùn)內(nèi)容 ··········································································································· 48 3.8 思考題 ···················································································································· 49 第4 章 模擬電路元器件的識(shí)別與測(cè)試 ································································· 50 4.1 電阻器 ···················································································································· 50 4.1.1 電阻器的圖形符號(hào)與單位 ················································································ 50 4.1.2 電阻器的分類 ··································································································· 51 4.1.3 常用的電阻器 ··································································································· 51 4.1.4 電阻器型號(hào)的命名方法 ···················································································· 52 4.1.5 電阻器的主要參數(shù) ···························································································· 53 4.1.6 電阻器的標(biāo)注方法 ···························································································· 54 4.1.7 電阻器阻值的測(cè)試 ···························································································· 56 4.2 電位器 ····················································································································57 4.2.1 電位器的圖形符號(hào) ···························································································· 57 4.2.2 電位器的分類 ··································································································· 57 4.2.3 電位器的主要參數(shù) ···························································································· 58 4.2.4 電位器的標(biāo)注方法 ···························································································· 59 4.2.5 電位器的測(cè)試 ··································································································· 59 4.2.6 電位器的使用 ··································································································· 59 4.3 電容器 ····················································································································60 4.3.1 電容器的圖形符號(hào)與單位 ················································································ 61 4.3.2 電容器的分類 ··································································································· 61 4.3.3 常用的電容器 ··································································································· 62 4.3.4 電容器的主要參數(shù) ···························································································· 63 4.3.5 電容器的標(biāo)注方法 ···························································································· 63 4.3.6 電容器的測(cè)試 ··································································································· 65 4.3.7 電容器的使用 ··································································································· 65 4.4 電感器 ···················································································································· 66 4.4.1 電感器的分類 ··································································································· 66 4.4.2 電感器的主要性能指標(biāo) ···················································································· 67 4.3.3 電感器選用常識(shí) ································································································ 67 4.5 半導(dǎo)體器件 ·············································································································· 67 4.5.1 半導(dǎo)體器件型號(hào)的命名方法 ············································································ 68 4.5.2 二極管的識(shí)別與測(cè)試 ························································································ 68 4.5.3 三極管的識(shí)別與簡(jiǎn)單測(cè)試 ················································································ 70 4.5.4 場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管 ··········································································································· 72 4.6 集成電路 ·················································································································74 4.6.1 集成電路的型號(hào)與命名 ···················································································· 74 4.6.2 集成電路的引腳排列識(shí)別 ················································································ 75 4.6.3 集成電路的檢測(cè) ································································································ 76 4.6.4 集成電路替換方法 ···························································································· 77 4.7 電聲器件 ·················································································································77 4.7.1 傳聲器 ··············································································································· 77 4.7.2 揚(yáng)聲器 ··············································································································· 78 4.8 實(shí)訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目 ················································································································· 79 4.8.1 常用電子元器件的測(cè)試 ···················································································· 79 4.8.2 觸摸報(bào)警器的制作 ···························································································· 80 4.8.3 可調(diào)直流穩(wěn)壓電源的設(shè)計(jì) ················································································ 81 電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實(shí) 4.9 思考題 ····················································································································84 第5 章 數(shù)字電路與邏輯設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn) ································································· 85 5.1 繼電器 ···················································································································· 85 5.1.1 繼電器的外形及電路符號(hào) ················································································ 85 5.1.2 繼電器的種類 ··································································································· 86 5.1.3 繼電器的選用 ··································································································· 87 5.1.4 繼電器的質(zhì)量判斷 ···························································································· 87 5.2 整流橋 ···················································································································· 87 5.2.1 整流橋的圖形符號(hào) ···························································································· 88 5.2.2 整流橋的型號(hào)與參數(shù) ························································································ 88 5.2.3 用萬用表檢測(cè)整流橋 ························································································ 88 5.3 555 定時(shí)器 ···············································································································89 5.3.1 555 定時(shí)器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) ························································································· 89 5.3.2 555 定時(shí)器構(gòu)成的施密特觸發(fā)器 ····································································· 91 5.3.3 555 定時(shí)器構(gòu)成的單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器 ····································································· 92 5.3.4 555 定時(shí)器構(gòu)成的多諧振蕩器 ········································································· 93 5.4 七段數(shù)碼管 ··············································································································93 5.4.1 七段數(shù)碼管的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理 ········································································ 94 5.4.2 七段數(shù)碼管驅(qū)動(dòng)方法 ························································································ 94 5.5 74LS47 譯碼器 ················································································································ 95 5.5.1 74LS47 真值表 ·································································································· 95 5.5.2 74LS47 引腳功能 ······························································································ 96 5.6 常用TTL 數(shù)字集成電路引腳排列 ·················································································· 96 5.6.1 74LS00 四二輸入與非門 ·················································································· 96 5.6.2 74LS20 雙四輸入與非門 ·················································································· 97 5.6.3 CD4042 鎖存觸發(fā)器 ························································································· 97 5.6.4 74LS161 二進(jìn)制同步加計(jì)數(shù)器 ········································································· 98 5.7 實(shí)訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目 ·················································································································98 5.7.1 人體感應(yīng)路燈節(jié)電控制器的制作 ···································································· 98 5.7.2 四路智力搶答器的設(shè)計(jì) ·················································································· 101 5.8 思考題 ···················································································································103 第6 章 電子產(chǎn)品調(diào)試工藝 ··················································································· 104 6.1 調(diào)試工藝過程 ················································································································ 104 6.2 調(diào)試的內(nèi)容 ·············································································································105 6.2.1 靜態(tài)測(cè)試與調(diào)整 ······························································································ 105 6.2.3 電路調(diào)整方法 ································································································· 107 6.3 整機(jī)調(diào)試 ························································································································ 107 6.3.1 整機(jī)電路的調(diào)試內(nèi)容 ······················································································ 108 6.3.2 整機(jī)調(diào)試方法 ································································································· 109 6.3.3 調(diào)試步驟 ········································································································· 109 6.4 測(cè)試與檢測(cè)儀器 ············································································································ 110 6.4.1 檢查電路接線 ································································································· 110 6.4.2 調(diào)試所用儀器 ·································································································· 111 6.5 電路故障分析與排除方法 ······························································································ 111 6.5.1 常見檢查方法 ·································································································· 111 6.5.2 故障分析與排除 ······························································································ 113 6.6 思考題 ···························································································································· 114 參考文獻(xiàn) ·················································································································· 115