諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主特·胡夫特在《量子力學(xué)的細(xì)胞自動(dòng)機(jī)詮釋》中提出了一種量子力學(xué)的決定性觀點(diǎn)。由于不滿(mǎn)意傳統(tǒng)量子力學(xué)與經(jīng)典世界之間令人困惑的差異,特·胡夫特重新激活了舊的隱藏變量的思想,并且是以一種更系統(tǒng)的方式來(lái)給出詮釋。量子力學(xué)被視為一種工具,而不是一種理論。作者使用量子技術(shù)來(lái)分析那些本質(zhì)經(jīng)典的物理模型,并提出即使是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型和引力相互作用都可以處理為用量子力學(xué)方法來(lái)分析內(nèi)核經(jīng)典的系統(tǒng)。作者展示了這種方法,盡管基于隱藏變量,也可以與貝爾定理合理地協(xié)調(diào)一致,以及如何至少在原則上克服對(duì)\"超決定論\"的常見(jiàn)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。本書(shū)為所有從事量子理論基礎(chǔ)研究或?qū)α孔游锢砀信d趣的讀者提供了奇妙的閱讀體驗(yàn)。
本書(shū)展現(xiàn)了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主特·胡夫特對(duì)量子力學(xué)中重大問(wèn)題的新洞見(jiàn),并為如何統(tǒng)一引力與量子力學(xué)這一長(zhǎng)期存在的科學(xué)問(wèn)題提供一種解決方案。這個(gè)新方法也將消除坍塌問(wèn)題和測(cè)量問(wèn)題。甚至\"時(shí)間之矢\"問(wèn)題,也能用一種更優(yōu)雅的方式來(lái)解釋。但作者并不是要以此來(lái)替代量子力學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論,而是提出量子力學(xué)不僅僅是一種描述自然的理論,更可以被視為一種奇妙數(shù)學(xué)機(jī)制的一部分,這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)機(jī)制可以將物理現(xiàn)象置于更大的背景之中。
本書(shū)是世界圖書(shū)出版公司的\"科學(xué)大師經(jīng)典\"書(shū)系的一種重磅圖書(shū)。這套精裝書(shū)系會(huì)陸續(xù)出版對(duì)科學(xué)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重大影響的諸位大師的名著。
When investigating theories at the tiniest conceivable scales in Nature, almost all researchers today revert to the quantum language, accepting the verdict that we shall nickname \"the Copenhagen doctrine\" that the only way to describe what is going on will always involve states in Hilbert space, controlled by operator equations. Returning to classical, that is, non quantum mechanical, descriptions will be forever impossible, unless one accepts some extremely contrived theoretical contraptions that may or may not reproduce the quantum mechanical phenomena observed in experiments.
Dissatisfied, this author investigated how one can look at things differently. This book is an overview of older material, but also contains many new observations and calculations. Quantum mechanics is looked upon as a tool, not as a theory. Examples are displayed of models that are classical in essence, but can be analysed by the use of quantum techniques, and we argue that even the Standard Model, together with gravitational interactions, might be viewed as a quantum mechanical approach to analyse a system that could be classical at its core. We explain how such thoughts can conceivably be reconciled with Bell's theorem, and how the usual objections voiced against the notion of 'superdeterminism' can be overcome, at least in principle. Our proposal would eradicate the collapse problem and the measurement problem. Even the existence of an \"arrow of time\" can perhaps be explained in a more elegant way than usual.
杰拉德·特·胡夫特(Gerard 't Hooft)是世界聞名的理論物理學(xué)家,荷蘭烏得勒支大學(xué)教授,于1999年因?yàn)閈"闡明物理學(xué)中電弱相互作用的量子結(jié)構(gòu)\"與其博士導(dǎo)師馬丁紐斯·韋爾特曼(Martinus J. G. Veltman)一同獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他的研究主要集中在三個(gè)方向:基本粒子物理的規(guī)范理論,量子引力與黑洞,以及量子力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。特·胡夫特被譽(yù)為是二十世紀(jì)中后期影響重大的理論物理學(xué)家之一。他是荷蘭皇家人文和科學(xué)院、美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院、美國(guó)人文與科學(xué)院、法國(guó)科學(xué)院等眾多科學(xué)院的院士。他還獲得過(guò)沃爾夫獎(jiǎng)、洛侖茲獎(jiǎng)?wù)潞透惶m克林獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌戎匾茖W(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),并且是荷蘭科技zuigao獎(jiǎng)--斯賓諾莎獎(jiǎng)的首位獲得者。1971年發(fā)現(xiàn)的小行星9491以特·胡夫特命名(9491 Thooft),他還為該小行星的未來(lái)居民頒布了憲法。
Part I. The Cellular Automaton Interpretation as a General Doctrine
1. Motivation for This Work
2. Deterministic Models in Quantum Notation
3. Interpreting Quantum Mechanics
4. Deterministic Quantum Mechanics
5. Concise Description of the CA Interpretation
6. Quantum Gravity
7- Information Loss
8. More Problems
9. Alleys to be Further Investigated and Open Questions
10. Conclusions
Part II. Calculation Techniques
11. Introduction to Part II
12. More on Cogwheels
13. The Continuum Limit of Cogwheels, Harmonic Rotators and Oscillators
14. Locality
15. Fermions
16. PQ Theory
17. Models in Two Space-Time Dimensions without Interactions
18. Symmetries
19. The Discretised Hamiltonian Formalism in PQ Theory
20. Quantum Field Theory
21. The Cellular Automaton
22. The Problem of Quantum Locality
23. Conclusions of Part II
Appendix A. Some Remarks on Gravity in 2+1 Dimensions
Appendix B. A Summary of Our Views on Conformal Gravity
Appendix C. Abbreviations
References